Flow and heat transfer of hybrid nanofluid induced by an exponentially stretching/shrinking curved surface

The efficient performance of heat transfer fluid in terms thermal conductivity plays a significant role engineering activities. In this work, the flow boundary layer and hybrid nanofluid induced by an exponentially permeable stretching/shrinking curved surface is modelled scrutinized numerically. Facilitated bvp4c function, ordinary differential equations are being solved. implications some intended parameters towards physical quantities plotted, while comparison results for validation purpose also tabulated. We found out that separation deferred as copper volume fraction curvature increased. stability analysis conducted dual solutions visible. first (second) solution observed to be stable (unstable). For solution, increment leads accretion skin friction coefficient at shrinking but has reduced local Nusselt number. presence enhanced velocity temperature profiles. Generally, study provides initial prediction scientist engineers controlling achieve optimum desires related practical applications.